5 stages of sleep dement and kleitman pdf

Each one occurs in a recurring cycle of 90 to 110 minuets. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between eye movements and rem with dreaming. One of the problems in the 1950s was the problem of the measurements. Assignment 1 evaluation practice write a pee point evaluating the dement and kleitman study either positively or negatively for the following points. Burwell 1956 described obesity hypoventilation syndrome dement, kleitman1957 described 5 stages of sleep including rem vogel 1960 noted rem sleep onset in narcolepsy gastaut1966 described obstructive apneas on a sleep study. Another major impetus to our present understanding of sleep research came from nathaniel kleitman and two of his graduate students, eugene aserinsky and william dement, who discovered that sleep was not a single process but that there were two distinctly different kinds of sleep. Welcome to the sleep well, the personal site of dr. For example, after rem, you will transition back into n3, then n2, then back to n3, then rem.

Here is a multiple choice quiz and here is a cloze exercise. Below is a very brief summary of the dement and kleitman study. Each stage of sleep serves a unique restorative function, including. Polysomnography psg is a multiparametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool and the test result is known as polysomnogram. A healthy adult with no sleep disorders will cycle through the sleep stages on average 4 5 times a night.

Describe the first part of the basic procedure of dement and kleitmans study instructed to eat normally, avoid caffeine or alcohol on the day of experiment. He is the director and founder of the stanford university sleep disorders clinic and research center, the worlds first sleep disorders center. Aserinsky and kleitman also divided nonrem sleep into four stages. Participants, when woken up shortly after rem sleep, were more likely to remember their dreams than those who were woken up long after rem sleep. Dement and kleitman were the first researchers to use the eeg machine each sleep cycle lasts 90 mins freuds ideas on dreams include. Pdf dream recall and content in different stages of sleep and.

Pps were woken up following 5 or 15 minutes in rem sleep, asked how long they thought they were sleeping for, report of dream content and number of words counted. Jan 12, 2019 a healthy adult with no sleep disorders will cycle through the sleep stages on average 4 5 times a night. One of the problems researchers in sleep had was objectivity and mainly relied on self report which is subject to dcs and falsification of resultssdb. They chose which duration they had been woken up after. In 1957, researchers dement and kleitman conducted a similar study eliciting 351.

Mr gregory online the relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity dement, w. As you get closer to morning and waking up, you end up going through just sleep stages 1 and 2 followed by rem sleep. Over the course of the night, the body will go through this fivestage cycle four to six times, spending an average of 90 minutes in each stage. Dement and kleitman 1957 flashcards in a level and ib. Dement and kleitman 1957 the relation of eye movements. Its during stage 4 sleep that children are most likely to suffer from bedwetting or sleep terrors.

This was exciting and profound to the researchers, since dreams were such an important subject in the study of psychology. Sleep physiology sleep disorders and sleep deprivation ncbi. Rem occurs at regular intervals during the night 2. Many early writings discuss sleep and sleep disorders in a variety of ways. Dement and kleitman were the first researchers to use the eeg machineeach sleep cycle lasts 90 minsfreuds ideas on dreams include.

Pdf on jan 1, 2019, michelle carr and others published dream recall and content in. During other stages, on the other hand, they normally do not report dreaming. William dement at his sleep laboratory at stanford university. From overnight recording of eeg and electrooculogram eog, kleitman with dement 4 specified the cyclic pattern of remnonrem sleep. Dement, now a professor of psychiatry at the stanford medical school, has described this as the year that the study of sleep became a true scientific field. It is very different physiologically from the other stages of sleep. Dement and nathaniel kleitman, journaljournal of experimental psychology, year. Over the course of a period of sleep, nrem and rem sleep alternate cyclically figure 21. Home a level and ib study tools psychology dement and kleitman 1957 dement and kleitman 1957 0. You can also find all of the past exam questions on dement and kleitman s study here. In 5 of 6 subjects there was a marked tendency for the eyes to move between the 2. Eugene aserinsky and william dement, who discovered that sleep was not a.

For half a century, sleep and wakefulness has been a valuable reference work. The first four stages are classified as nrem nonrapid eye movement sleep, while the last stage is classified as rem rapid eye movement sleep. This stage usually lasts 1 to 7 minutes in the initial cycle, constituting 2 to 5 percent of total sleep, and is. After the first cycle, your brain alternates between rem and nrem sleep in reverse order for example, after rem, you will transition back into n3, then n2, then back to n3, then rem. Normal human sleep comprises two statesrapid eye movement rem and nonrem nrem sleep.

June 3, 1957, introduction the eeg patterns accompanying dream ing have never been adequately. The rem portion of the second cycle is a little longer than the first, usually around 10 to 20 minutes. In 10 peptic ulcer patients, 5 duodenal ulcer and 5 gastric ulcer patients, the relation of nocturnal intragastric ph to eeg sleep stages was examined. With the pressures of everyday life pulling us every which way and the demands to constantly deliver, most of us barely find the time to eat let alone get. Dement and kleitman thought they could come up with a study that was more reliable and decreased people lying and falsifying results, due to social desirability. He never really got the spotlight because he chose to specialize in an area that was seen as a backwater at the time, but there are now nearly six billion people on earth. Hypothesis 1 there will be a significant association between rem sleep and dreaming. Improved sleep scoring in mice reveals humanlike stages. Sleep and dreaming semel institute for neuroscience and. Another change is to the nomenclature for the recording placements. The duration of the second sleep cycle, measured from the end of the first rem sleep period to the end of the second, is generally longer than the first, averaging 100 to 110 minutes. They were not told about their eeg pattern or whether their eyes were moving. Rem periods increase in length as the night progresses 2.

People go through different stages while theyre asleep stages 1 is light sleep, stages 2, 3 and 4 get deeper and deeper these stages are nonrem nrem sleep stage 5, the deepest, is rem sleep after a while of rem, you drop back to a lighter stage then repeat the cycle. There are a total of 5 stages in the sleeping cycle. However, the skeletal muscles are atonic, or without movement. William dement, director of the sleep disorders clinic at stanford university and one of kleitmans former students. Loomis and his coworkers used eeg recordings to classify 5 different levels of sleep that they referred to using the letters a to e. Kleitman and aserinsky demonstrated that rem sleep was correlated with dreaming and brain activity. Another of kleitman s graduate students, william c. In the second sleep cycle, there is less stage 4 and more stage 2 sleep.

The nocturnal intragastric ph was monitored by phmeasuring telemeter and sleep stages were recorded simultaneously by electroencephalography throughout the night. He is a leading authority on sleep, sleep deprivation and the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea and narcolepsy. Participants were woken up either form rem or nrem sleep but not told which. Whether eye movement patterns represent visual experience of dream content or whether they are random movements from activation of central nervous system. Department of physiology, university of chicago reeeiwd for publication. Dement and kleitman 1957 the relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity. The first stage, stage 1, or stage n1 of nrem sleep is a light phase of sleep when you can be woken up easily. For example, we now know that after you fall asleep, you sleep in four stages, beginning with the lightest sleep stage 1 and progressing into deeper and deeper stages. Dement, a giant in american sleep sleep seems to be the last thing on our minds in this 247, always on the go society we find ourselves in. After the first cycle, your brain alternates between rem and nrem sleep in reverse order. Describe the first part of the basic procedure of dement and kleitman s study instructed to eat normally, avoid caffeine or alcohol on the day of experiment. You can also find all of the past exam questions on dement and kleitmans study here.

Additionally the researchers concluded that direction of the eye movement also correlated with dreams, for example. Researchers dement and kleitman investigated various relationships between sleep and dreams. Rem is primarily the state where we dream, has lots. After you reach the deepest stage stage 4, you begin to move back up through the stages. Rem sleep occurs during alpha wave sleep, the lightest of the sleep stages. From the study on sleep and dreaming by dement and kleitman, outline one way in which the study is low in ecological validity. Sleep and dreaming sleep is expressed as a circadian rhythm. During sleep, the body moves through five different stages of both rem rapid eye movement and nrem nonrapid eye movement sleep. Dement and kleitman sleep and dreaming by danielle poole. One cycle of remnonrem lasts about 90100 minutes and during the night, 4 5 cycles occur. Jan 01, 2009 the authors mentioned that, although dement 21 and dement and kleitman 18 thought that the depth of this sleep stage was intermediate between waking and sleep slow wave sleep, jouvets team estimated that it was a deeper stage. This is the time when the body does most of its repair work and regeneration.

Nov 15, 2017 pps were woken up following 5 or 15 minutes in rem sleep, asked how long they thought they were sleeping for, report of dream content and number of words counted. N3 is used to indicate the sum of stage 3 and stage 4 often called slowwave sleep in human literature. You will need to use the more detailed summary here to revise for the exam. Active brainwaves, rise in blood pressure, respiration, etc. It discusses phases of the sleep cycle, experimental work on sleep and wakefulness, sleep disorders and their treatment, and such sleep like states as hypnosis and hibernation. Interestingly enough, it was not until 1953, that dement and kleitman discovered that this unique stage of sleep was associated with dreaming. Dement and kleitman sleep and dreaming flashcards quizlet. Stages 3 and 4 can last anywhere from 5 15 minutes each, but the first deep sleep of the night is more likely to be an hour or so.

Dement and kleitman eye movements in sleep psych tutor. Stage 5 of the sleep cycle, or rem sleep, is the stage of sleep associated with dreaming. William charles dement, one of the first scientists to measure brain activity during sleep using electroencephalography, or eeg. Pdf the relation of eye movements during sleep to dream. This allowed the stages of sleep, or sleep architecture to be. Two or more elctrodes were attatched near the eyes via eog, and two or more electrodes were attatched to the scalp via eeg. Dement discovered in these results from the first several nights that the. They found that dreaming occurs during the rem stage of sleep, that the length of the dream experience corresponds to how long the rem stage lasts, and that the direction of movements found in dream content match the patterns of eye movement during rem sleep.

This great picture is of nathaniel kleitman serving as a subject in one of his own sleep experiments. Cyclic variations in eeg during sleep and their relation. The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity. Kleitmanthe relationship of eye movements during sleep to. For this pioneering work in a previously uncharted field in the united states, he is sometimes referred to. These sleep stages and their primary characteristics are those originally described by dement and kleitman 1957b, at the begin ning of the experiment the subjects were informed that t hey might hearatone during some of their nights of sleep in the laboratory, the tone was demonstrated and the subject was instructed to call out should it. However, in this paper, slow wave sleep is still called deep sleep. The authors mentioned that, although dement and dement and kleitman thought that the depth of this sleep stage was intermediate between waking and sleep slow wave sleep, jouvets team estimated that it was a deeper stage.

The effects of stage four sleep deprivation sciencedirect. Prior to the study researchers had to rely on selfreport method. Participants were woken by a doorbell at various times during the night and asked to describe their dream if they had one, then returned to sleep. William charles dement born july 29, 1928 is an american sleep researcher and founder of the sleep research center at stanford university. The nocturnal intragastric ph in eeg sleep stages in. Next, in 1957, dement and kleitman published 2 full papers devoted to the dreaming stage of sleep. Kales 1968 a manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep. After the discovery of the rapideyemovements rem sleep dement and kleitman, 1957, this categorization evolved slightly and converge towards the actual consensus with two major sleep states. This allowed the stages of sleep, or sleep architecture to be observed, and subsequently defined, for the first time.

Dement and kleitman flashcards in a level and ib psychology. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. During the 4 hours of recording, there were 2 to 3 such periods. Home a level and ib study tools psychology dement and kleitman 1957 dement and kleitman 1957. Nrem sleep comprises 75 percent of one nights sleep, while rem only takes part of the remaining 25 percent. When dement and kleitman discovered that rem sleep was a distinct state in 1953, it led them to reclassify the stages of sleep, separating rem from the other four stages of nonrem and giving us the model we use. Identify two controls used in the study on sleep and dreaming by dement and kleitman.